5/27/2023 0 Comments Framwork protein scaffold![]() Similar functions of ELOVL2/5 and ELOVL4 in scallop Chlamys nobilis have been found, but they had no ability to extend C24 (Liu et al., 2013., Liu et al., 2014). A study on Sepia officinalis confirmed that ELOVL could elongate C18 and C20 PUFA substrates but showed no activity against C22 PUFA (Monroig et al., 2016). The ELOVL4 and ELOVL2/5 in Octopus vulgaris were found to be able to prolongate C22, C18, and C20 PUFA (Monroig et al., 2012., Monroig et al., 2017), which was consistent with the study of the function of ELOVL in bony fish (Xie et al., 2021). Studies on ELOVL have been reported in several species of Mollusca, the second largest phylum in the animal kingdom, including the cephalopods Octopus vulgaris and Sepia officinalis, and the bivalves, Chlamys nobilis, Crassostrea angulata, and Sinonovacula constricta. Studies on ELOVL in invertebrates have been relatively few, unlike those in vertebrates. ELOVL1, ELOV元, ELOVL6, and ELOVL7 act on saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (Westerberg et al., 2006) and monounsaturated fatty acids (Mah et al., 2019) ELOVL2, ELOVL4, and ELOVL5 act on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and ELOVL8 acts on both PUFAs and SFAs (Li et al., 2020). The vertebrate ELOVL protein family comprises eight members (ELOVL1–8) (Jakobsson et al., 2006., Guillou et al., 2010) which can be divided into three groups according to the different substrate positions in fatty acid metabolism pathways. All of these contain the typical ELO domain of ultra-long-chain fatty acid extenases and the representative histidine box HXXHH motif (Leonard et al., 2004), which may be the active center of the enzyme. These enzymes exist in a variety of organisms such as plants and mammals and play important roles in various biological processes (Leonard et al., 2000). Elongation of very long chain fatty acids proteins (ELOVLs) are rate-limiting enzymes in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids. Fatty acid elongation, occurring primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (Jakobsson et al., 2006), is a key metabolic step catalyzing carbon chain lengthening during the process of long-chain fatty acid synthesis (Zuo et al., 2018). This study could contribute to research on the genetic dissection of oyster PUFA metabolism and provide clues for the molecular-based selection of high-PUFA Pacific oysters.įatty acids containing >20 carbon atoms, known as very long-chain fatty acids, are indispensable for cell activities. These genomic variations may lead to the PUFA content difference among oysters to some degree and showed potential in breeding applications. In the CgELOVL2/5 promoter region, three SNPs and one indel were associated with the PUFA contents and had substantial impacts on the transcriptional expression of CgELOVL2/5. Two genes (CgELOVL2/5, CgELOVL1/7) were differentially expressed in oysters with high and low PUFA contents, and CgELOVL2/5 could extend the fatty acids with C18:3n-3, C18:2n-6, and C20:5n-3 as substrates. Two tandem-duplicated genes showed nearly identical expression profiles and appear essential for the early embryonic development of oysters. The CgELOVL genes were all involved in oyster larval development and four involved in response to external stress. gigas, and could be grouped into five subfamilies. A total of 9 CgELOVL genes were identified in four chromosomes of C. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the ELOVL family genes in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and characterized the functions of a CgELOVL2/5 gene and the genomic variations in the synthesis of PUFAs. The elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein (ELOVL) is an enzyme involved in very long-chain fatty acids biosynthesis. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are essential for cellular structure and function.
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