![]() In 56 countries, we found evidence of formally organized computational propaganda campaigns on Facebook.Į-cigarette use in the United States has significantly grown in recent years. Despite there being more social networking platforms than ever, Facebook remains the platform of choice for social media manipulation. But China’s new-found interest in aggressively using Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube should raise concerns for democracies. Until the 2019 protests in Hong Kong, most evidence of Chinese computational propaganda occurred on domestic platforms such as Weibo, WeChat, and QQ. China has become a major player in the global disinformation order. Facebook and Twitter attributed foreign influence operations to seven countries (China, India, Iran, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela) who have used these platforms to influence global audiences. A handful of sophisticated state actors use computational propaganda for foreign influence operations. In 26 countries, computational propaganda is being used as a tool of information control in three distinct ways: to suppress fundamental human rights, discredit political opponents, and drown out dissenting opinions. 2.Social media has become co-opted by many authoritarian regimes. In each country, there is at least one political party or government agency using social media to shape public attitudes domestically. Evidence of organized social media manipulation campaigns which have taken place in 70 countries, up from 48 countries in 2018 and 28 countries in 2017. Our 2019 report analyses the trends of computational propaganda and the evolving tools, capacities, strategies, and resources. The Pushshift Reddit dataset makes it possible for social media researchers to reduce time spent in the data collection, cleaning, and storage phases of their projects.Įxecutive Summary Over the past three years, we have monitored the global organization of social media manipulation by governments and political parties. In addition to monthly dumps, Pushshift provides computational tools to aid in searching, aggregating, and performing exploratory analysis on the entirety of the dataset. Pushshift's Reddit dataset is updated in real-time, and includes historical data back to Reddit's inception. Pushshift is a social media data collection, analysis, and archiving platform that since 2015 has collected Reddit data and made it available to researchers. In this paper, we present the Pushshift Reddit dataset. Thus, Reddit's millions of subreddits, hundreds of millions of users, and hundreds of billions of comments are at the same time relatively accessible, but time consuming to collect and analyze systematically. Although Reddit is relatively open to data acquisition compared to social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter, the technical barriers to acquisition still remain. ![]() ![]() Reddit, the so called "front page of the Internet," in particular has been the subject of numerous scientific studies. This has resulted recognition of datasets as meaningful research contributions in and of themselves. In fact, research is often times gated by data engineering problems that must be overcome before analysis can proceed. However, even though it has become ubiquitous, just collecting large-scale social media data involves a high degree of engineering skill set and computational resources. Social media data has become crucial to the advancement of scientific understanding.
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